More commonly know as a liver shunt, in simple terms, a liver shunt is a blood vessel that shunts--or diverts--around the liver of a Yorkie.   In an unborn fetus, the liver shunt is the means by which food, blood, and oxygen is passed from the mother to the unborn puppy.  In a normal, healthy puppy the liver shunt disappears as the puppy develops and the puppy's liver takes over.  Note that a shunt of this type is probably genetic in origin and is usually diagnosed within the first year of the puppy's life. 

When a shunt does not disappear, the puppy's system in not able to properly process the toxins that naturally accumulate in blood.  The liver's purpose is to filter these toxins out of the system, but in the case of a puppy with a shunt, part or all of the blood bypasses the liver.  Over time, toxins may accumulate to a degree which can be fatal.  The level of seriousness presented by a shunt depends on the percentage of blood that bypasses the liver.  The smaller the percentage, the less serious the problem.

Symptoms of liver shunt may include excessive drinking, depression, weakness, poor appetite, frequent urination, vomiting, drooling, and a general lack of interest in activities.  Puppies with liver shunt are also prone to frequent urinary tract infections.  If you suspect that your puppy may have a liver shunt, observe him or her closely after they have eaten.  A dramatic increase in the severity of symptoms is a sign of liver shunt.  Your puppy may also exhibit unusual behaviors, such as running in circles.

Although less common, you should be aware that liver shunts can develop in older Yorkies.  The symptoms are the same as discussed of the case of a puppy.

Treatment

If your Yorkie displays the symptoms discussed above, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.  A veterinarian can perform conclusive tests to determine whether your puppy has a liver shunt and recommend an course of treatment.

The treatment required depends on the severity of the liver shunt.  All treatments are intended to eliminate the symptoms, as the root cause is untreatable.  Treatment may range from restricted diets for mild cases to surgery for more severe cases.  Sadly,  not all cases of liver shunt are treatable.  In these cases, the puppy may be euthanized to avoid extended pain and suffering.

Any reputable breeder will be aware of any cases of liver shunt in their bloodlines and strive to avoid a recurrence.  Virtually all reputable breeders guarantee their puppies to be free of genetic defects.  If your puppy is diagnosed with liver shunt, contact the breeder immediately.  Your guarantee should outline the options available to you.  These options typically range from a full refund to getting an additional puppy.

Lastly, be aware that while liver shunt is genetic, it is not fully understood and thus not always preventable.  Even the best of breeders may occasionally have puppies that are afflicted by liver shunt.    

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